Umzamo womhlaba wonke wokufuna amandla ahlanzekile ususe amaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen ezindaweni zocwaningo (R&D) ezifake ezindaweni zokuphehla amandla nasezitelekeni zezimboni. Esikhundleni sokushisa uphethiloli, lezi zinhlelo ziguqula i-hydrogen ibe ugesi ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-electrochemical, futhi ukushisa namanzi yikho kuphela okukhiphayo. Umbono uhlanzekile. Ukusetshenziswa manje sekungokoqobo—ikakhulukazi njengoba ama-generator adizela eba abiza kakhulu ngokwezindleko nangokuthobela imithetho.

Ku-anode, ama-molecule e-hydrogen ahlukana abe ama-proton nama-electron. Ama-electron ahamba ngesekethe yangaphandle ukuze akhiqize ugesi, kuyilapho ama-proton edlula kulwelwesi (membrane) aye ku-cathode, lapho ehlangana khona nomoya-mpilo (oxygen) ukuze akhe amanzi. Akukho NOx, akukho SOx, akukho izinhlayiyana ezincane (particulate matter)—futhi akukho CO₂ lapho kusetshenziswa khona. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini ezivutha uphethiloli (internal combustion engines), ezisebenza ngokusebenza kahle kwe-thermal okungu-30–40%, ama-fuel cell angafinyelela ekusebenzeni kahle okuhlanganisiwe kokushisa namandla (combined heat and power) okungaphezu kuka-85% ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza amandla ngokubambisana (cogeneration). Lokho akusilo isimangalo nje; kusekelwa idatha yokusebenza evela ezinhlelweni ezifakiwe.

Izinzuzo ezingokoqobo zicacile: ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukukhula ngokwezinga elilinganiselwe, umsindo ophansi, nokunciphisa ukuncika ekutholeni uphethiloli wamafosili. Kodwa kunenkinga—i-hydrogen kumele ivele emithonjeni ehlanzekile. Uma ikhiqizwa ngegesi yemvelo ngokusebenzisa i-steam reforming, ikhabhoni imane ikhuphuke iye emuva. Yingakho imboni igxile kakhulu ku-green hydrogen—i-electrolysis eqhutshwa amandla avuselelekayo. Kuphela lapho leyo ndlela ishibhile ngokuncintisana lapho inzuzo yemvelo igcwele khona.

Emkhakheni wezohwebo, izikhungo zedatha nezakhiwo ezinkulu zamahhovisi zingabokuqala ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe. Zidinga amandla okusekela, kodwa ama-diesel genset anomsindo, angcolile, futhi adinga ukunakekelwa njalo kanye nokugcinwa kukaphethiloli endaweni. Ama-hydrogen fuel cells manje asetshenziswa njengamayunithi amandla aphuthumayo ezikhungweni zedatha eziningi ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Abasebenzisi bezimboni bathatha indlela enengqondo—ezinye izimboni zisebenzisa ama-fuel cells ukunciphisa umthwalo kagesi, zihlanganiswe namandla elanga asendaweni, zinciphisa zombili izindleko zikagesi kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngezikhathi zamarifu aphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa ezindlini kuseyinto encane, kodwa eJapane nasezingxenyeni zeYurophu, amaseli kaphethiloli we-cogeneration asetshenziswa emakhaya asevele etholakala emakethe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Anikeza ugesi namanzi ashisayo, futhi ezindlini ezizimele, ezomnotho ziya zisondela ekusebenzeni kancane kancane.

I-Shanghai Mingzheng Technology Co., Ltd. ihlinzeka ngezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zamaseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen ezilungiselelwe lezi zimo. Imikhiqizo yabo ivamise ukuhlanganisa ama-alkaline electrolyzer namamojula wamaseli kaphethiloli, ehlanganisa amandla okukhipha kusukela kumakhilowathi ambalwa kuya esikalini se-megawatt. Ukuze uthole imininingwane yokucushwa nezifundo zezigameko, bhekaIsixazululo ikhasi.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, amaseli kaphethiloli awakhiphi okungaziro lapho esetshenziswa khona. Lokho kuhlukanisa kubalulekile. Uma i-hydrogen ivela ekuguqulweni kukaphethiloli we-fossil, ikhabhoni ayikashabalali—isusiwe nje yaya esigabeni sokukhiqiza. Inani langempela lemvelo lisekupheleleni kwe-hydrogen enekhabhoni ephansi noma engenakhabhoni.

Noma kunjalo, ezinhlelweni ezisendaweni—emachwebeni, ezindaweni zezimayini, emakhempasi ezibhedlela—ukushintsha izinjini zedizili ngamaseli kaphethiloli kuqeda ukukhishwa kwe-PM2.5 ne-NOx ngokuphelele. Lokho kungukuthuthuka okubonakalayo, okusheshayo kwekhwalithi yomoya wasendaweni. Njengoba izindlela zokubeka amanani ekhabhoni ziya ziqina e-China nakwezinye izindawo, ukushintsha kusuka kumandla ayisipele avamile kuya ku-hydrogen kungase kungabi nje ukukhetha kwemvelo, kodwa kube yimpoqo yemithethonqubo.

UMingzheng wenze utshalomali olucacile kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen eluhlaza kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo kwama-fuel cell. Imininingwane yokuqinisekiswa nokuthobela imithetho itholakala ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi.

Empeleni, ama-fuel cell e-hydrogen awakashintshi ugridi omkhulu kagesi maduze nje. Indima yawo engokoqobo namuhla iwukuba isengezo nesivikelo. Ahambisana kahle namandla elanga nawomoya, enikeza ukulawula okusheshayo lapho ukukhiqiza kwe-renewable kushintshashintsha. Angakwazi futhi ukusekela imithwalo ebalulekile ngokuzimela ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwe-grid noma ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kukagesi.

Okubahlukanisa kuma-diesel gensets akukhona nje ilebula yemvelo—ukulula kokusebenza. Akukho mathangi kaphethiloli okufanele alawulwe, akukho ukushintsha uwoyela, ukudlidliza okuncane, nomsindo ophansi ngokwanele ukuthi kufakwe emakamelweni angaphansi kwezakhiwo zamahhovisi. Kuma-data center, izibhedlela, nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezinembayo, le nhlanganisela yokuthembeka nokuhlanzeka iheha ngempela.

Izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe zika-Mingzheng zihlanganisa ama-electrolyzer, ama-power conditioning units, nezinhlelo zokulawula ezisekela ukusebenza kokubili okuxhunywe kugridi nokungaxhunyiwe kugridi. Imininingwane eningiliziwe ingatholakala ku-Imishini ehlobene namaseli kaphethiloli ikhasi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-catalyst kanye ne-membrane kunciphisa izindleko kancane kancane, nakuba kungasheshi njengoba abaningi bebethembile—kodwa umkhuba ucacile. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izindleko ze-electrolyzer ziyehla. Lapho i-green hydrogen (ugesi + ukuncipha kwempahla) isondela entengo ye-grey hydrogen yezimboni, ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli kaphethiloli kuzoshintsha kusuka ekushayelweni yinqubomgomo kuye ekushayelweni umnotho.

Ukugxila kukaMingzheng ocwaningweni nentuthuko kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-green hydrogen nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola imvelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo isebenza ngokuthembekile ezimweni zangempela—izinga lokushisa eliphansi, umswakama ophezulu, ukudlidliza, nemithwalo eguquguqukayo. Ukuze uthole izibuyekezo, vakashelaUkuqamba Ubusha Kwe-Green Hydrogen Nokuhlola Imvelo ikhasi .

Amaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen awasona isikhali esiyisimanga noma into yokudlala. Athatha indawo ethile ekhulayo—lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphakathi nendawo, ahlanzekile, athembekile, angaphazamisi—futhi kuleso sikhala, adlula zonke ezinye izindlela ezikhona. Ngeke athathe indawo yawo wonke ama-diesel genset ngobusuku obunye. Kodwa ezindaweni eziye zahlupheka ngomsindo nentuthu iminyaka eminingi, ukushintshwa sekuvele kuqalile. Kuqhutshwa yinqubomgomo, ukwehla kwezindleko, nokuthuthukiswa okungaguquki kwezobuchwepheshe—akukho okuhamba ngokushesha esikufisayo, kodwa konke kuhamba ngendlela engasabuyeli emuva.