I-Hydrogen iyona elementi etholakala kakhulu emkhathini, kodwa amashumi eminyaka ihlale iyinsiza engasetshenziswa kahle ekuhlanganisweni kwamandla emhlabeni wonke. Namuhla, nokho, ingxoxo nge-hydrogen isishintshe kakhulu njengoba ohulumeni, izinkampani, nabaholi bezobuchwepheshe beqaphela ukuthi iyisisekelo soguquko lwamandla. Ngokungafani namafutha ezinto eziphilayo, akhulula i-carbon dioxide uma evutha, i-hydrogen ikhiqiza umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela njengomkhiqizo ongemuhle uma isetshenziswa ku-fuel cell, okwenza kube yisithwali samandla esihlanzekile ngokwedlulele. Lesi sici esiyingqayizivele sibeka i-hydrogen njengempendulo esebenzayo ezinseleleni yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emikhakheni okunzima ukuyifaka ugesi ngqo, njengezimboni ezinkulu, ezokuthutha amabanga amade, namandla okusekela amandla aphezulu. Njengoba ugesi ovuselelekayo uba shibhile futhi utholakala kakhulu, i-green hydrogen ekhiqizwa nge-electrolysis ivela njengendlela esebenzayo nekhuphukayo yohlelo lwamandla olusimeme. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-hydrogen kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi amabili eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, okubonisa ushintsho olukhulu endleleni amandla akhiqizwa ngayo, agcinwa ngayo, futhi asetshenziswa ngayo kuyo yonke imikhakha yomnotho.

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-hydrogen ibalulekile namuhla kudinga ukubheka ukungabi namandla kwengqalasizinda yamandla yamanje. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ngebhethri, nakuba kusebenza kahle ezimweni zesikhathi esifushane, kuyahluleka ukuhlinzeka ngamandla esikhathi eside, anomthamo ophezulu adingekayo ezinqubweni zezimboni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo. I-hydrogen inikeza isixazululo esihambisanayo: ingagcinwa izinyanga eziningi ngaphandle kokuncipha okukhulu, ithuthwe ezifundeni zokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi amapayipi akhona, futhi ibuyiselwe ugesi ngesikhathi esifunwayo ngokusebenza kahle okuphawulekayo. Lokhu kuvumelana kunikeza i-hydrogen inzuzo yamasu ekwakheni iphothifoliyo yamandla ahlanzekile eqinile futhi elinganiselayo esebenza kanye namandla elanga, umoya, namanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen ingasebenza njengendlela yokugcina amandla ngezinkathi zonyaka, ithwebule amandla avuselelekayo engeziwe ezinyangeni zasehlobo futhi iwathumele ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu sasebusika. Ngokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen namaphrojekthi amandla avuselelekayo, abathuthukisi bamandla bangakhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla futhi banciphise ukulahleka kokunciphisa okumanje kuhlupha amapulazi omoya nawelanga emhlabeni wonke. Umphumela uwuhlelo lukagesi oluthembekile, olusebenza kahle, futhi ekugcineni olusimeme kakhudlwana oluzuzisa izinkampani zikagesi kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina ngokufanayo.

Izixazululo ze-hydrogen ngekusasa elinokukhuthala okuphansi kwekhabhoni zihlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi bobuchwepheshe, kusukela kuma-electrolyzer amanzi akhiqiza uphethiloli ohlanzekile kuya kumasistimu ama-fuel cell aguqulela i-hydrogen ibe ugesi nokushisa ngokusebenza kahle okukhethekile. Lezi zixazululo azigcini nje ekusetshenzisweni okukodwa; kunalokho, zihlanganisa ukukhiqiza ugesi okumile, izinhlelo zamandla ezimoto zezohwebo, ukwehlisa ikhabhoni kwezimboni, kanye nokugcina amandla ngezinga legridi. Enhliziyweni yalolu hlelo kunezobuchwepheshe ezimbili ezihambisanayo: ama-electrolyzer ahlukanisa amanzi abe i-hydrogen ne-oxygen esebenzisa ugesi ovuselelekayo, nama-fuel cell abuyisela emuva leyo nqubo ukuze akhiqize amandla lapho edingeka khona. Ndawonye, la masistimu adala umjikelezo wamandla ovalekile onganciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emakethe amaningi okubalulekile ngasikhathi sinye. Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ziya zihla njalo ngonyaka njengoba ukukhiqiza kukhula, ukusebenza kahle kwe-electrolyzer kuthuthuka, futhi amanani kagesi ovuselelekayo ehla, okuletha ukulingana kwegridi ezindaweni eziningi. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa izixazululo ze-hydrogen manje azibeka phambi kwemithetho eguqukayo, athole ukufinyelela ezimakethe zekhabhoni ezisafufusa, futhi akhe ukuqina ngokumelene namanani kaphethiloli aguquguqukayo. Kwabathatha izinqumo ezinkampanini, lokhu akukona nje ukukhetha kwemvelo kodwa ukukhetha komnotho okuhle okunganikeza izinzuzo ezilinganisekayo eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.

Ukwakheka kwesixazululo sesimanje se-hydrogen ngokuvamile sihilela izingxenye eziningi ezihlanganisiwe, kuqalwa nge-electrolyzer ekhiqiza uphethiloli kugcinwe ngemishini yokuguqula amandla eletha ugesi kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili, i-hydrogen ingase icindezelwe, igcinwe emithanjeni enomfutho ophezulu, ithuthwe ngama-trailer amashubhu noma ngamapayipi, futhi ekugcineni ifakwe kuma-fuel cell stacks akhiqiza ugesi ohlanzekile nokushisa okusebenzisekayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kukonke, yingakho abahlinzeki abanikeza izixazululo eziphelele njenge-Shanghai Mingzheng Technology Co., Ltd. behlinzeka ngezixazululo eziphelele kunokuba banikeze izingxenye ezizimele. Lezi zinikezelo ezihlanganisiwe zinciphisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezobunjiniyela, zifinyeza izikhathi zephrojekthi, futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye yohlelo ilungiselelwe ukuhambisana nokusebenza kahle. Isoftware yokuqapha nokulawula ethuthukisiwe iphinde ithuthukise ukusebenza kohlelo ngokulawula ukunikezwa kwe-hydrogen, ukuwohloka kwama-stack, ukulinganisa ukushisa, nokukhipha amandla ngesikhathi sangempela. Umphumela uyimpahla yamandla ethembekile, enesondlo esincane engasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu okuningi. Njengoba ingqalasizinda ye-hydrogen ikhula, ukusebenzisana kwalezi zinhlelo kuzothuthuka, kudale uhlelo oluvulekile lapho i-hydrogen igeleza khona ngokukhululeka phakathi kwabakhiqizi, izindawo zokugcina, kanye nabathengi bokugcina emazingeni esifunda noma ngisho namazwe ngamazwe.

Ama-electrolyzer ayithekhnoloji eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali ezilawula imakethe namuhla: i-alkaline (ALK) electrolysis kanye ne-anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis. Ama-alkaline electrolyzer ayithekhnoloji evuthiwe kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, esebenze ngokuthembekile ezindaweni zezimboni isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka ngokusebenza okufakazelwe kanye nezindleko eziphansi zongxiwankulu. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa i-liquid potassium hydroxide electrolyte kanye nama-porous separators ukuze ziqhubekisele ama-ion phakathi kwama-electrode, zithole ukusebenza kahle okucishe kube ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha kuya kwamashumi ayisikhombisa ngenkathi zinikeza ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu afanele ukufakwa kwe-megawatt-scale. Ama-AEM electrolyzer, ngokuphambene, amele isizukulwane esisha esihlanganisa izinto ezibiza kancane ze-alkaline systems nokucinana kanye nokusabela okuguquguqukayo kwe-proton exchange membrane technology. Izinhlelo ze-AEM zisebenzisa i-solid polymer membrane eqhubekisela ama-hydroxide ion, okwenza kube nokuphendula okusheshayo ekushintsheni kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokugcwala kwamandla okusebenza okuphezulu endaweni encane. Lokhu kwenza ama-AEM electrolyzer akhange kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-hydrogen endaweni yokusebenza ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe ezinjengezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi, nezindawo zezimboni ezidinga ukulandela umthwalo oguquguqukayo. Njengoba amanani okukhiqiza ekhula, kokubili ubuchwepheshe be-ALK ne-AEM kulindeleke ukuthi bufeze ukuncishiswa kwezindleko okukhulu, kusheshiswe ukusatshalaliswa kwe-green hydrogen ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.

Ngakoluhlangothi lokusetshenziswa, amaseli kaphethiloli aguqulela i-hydrogen egciniwe ibuyisele ugesi ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-electrochemical okungabandakanyi ukushiswa futhi kukhiqiza amanzi nokushisa kuphela njengemikhiqizo engemihle. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezimile nezihambayo i-proton exchange membrane fuel cell, esebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi, inikeza izikhathi zokuqala ezisheshayo, futhi iletha ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu okufanele ukufakwa ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo. Isitaki se-fuel cell esisodwa ngokuvamile sikhiqiza phakathi kwe-kilowatt eyodwa namakhulu ambalwa e-kilowatt amandla, futhi izitaki eziningi zingahlanganiswa zakhe izinhlelo eziyimodyuli ezifinyelela umphumela we-megawatt-scale ezikhungweni ezinkulu. Amaseli kaphethiloli athola ukusebenza kahle kukagesi okungamaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu kuya kwamashumi ayisithupha, futhi lapho ukushisa okulahlekile kuthathwa ngezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zamandla nokushisa, ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yonke kungasondela emaphesentini angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Lokhu kushisa kungasetshenziselwa ukushisisa izindawo, amanzi ashisayo asendlini, noma ukushisa kwezinqubo zezimboni, okuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe umnotho wezinhlelo zamandla e-hydrogen. Ukuthembeka kungenye yamandla achazayo amaseli kaphethiloli, ngezinhlelo zanamuhla eziklanyelwe ukusebenza amahora angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane futhi zokuncipha okuncane uma zigcinwa kahle. Emabhizinisini ahlola amandla okusekela aphuthumayo nezinketho zokukhiqiza okuyisisekelo, amaseli kaphethiloli anikeza inhlanganisela ephoqelelayo yokuhlanzeka, ukuqina, nokuguquguquka kokusebenza okungenakufaniswa ngamajeneretha edizili endabuko.

Izakhiwo zehhovisi zentengiselwano, izikhungo zedatha, nezimboni zibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kagesi awanqamuki ngesikhathi esifanayo zinciphisa umkhondo wazo wekhabhoni, futhi ama-generator kaphethiloli we-hydrogen anikeza isixazululo esihle kuzo zombili lezi zinselele. Ngokomlando, izikhungo bezithembela kuma-diesel generator ukuze zithole amandla aphuthumayo, kodwa lezo zinhlelo zikhiqiza umsindo omkhulu, ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi, futhi zidinga ukugcinwa kukaphethiloli okubanzi okubeka izingozi zokuphepha nezemvelo. Izinhlelo zamandla aphuthumayo e-hydrogen, ngokuphambene, zisebenza buthule, zikhipha umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela, futhi zinganikeza amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku zamandla aqhubekayo ngokumane nje uxhumanye amamojula engeziwe okugcina i-hydrogen. Ezikhungweni zedatha, lapho ngisho namasekhondi ambalwa okuma kungabiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-dollar futhi kulimaze ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende, ikhono lokuphendula ngokushesha lama-fuel cell liqinisekisa ukushintsha okungenazinkinga ngesikhathi kungena ugesi. Izinhlelo zanamuhla zama-fuel cell zingafinyelela amandla agcwele kancane kuna-minute, zizivumelanise ngokuzenzakalelayo nezinhlelo zikagesi zesikhungo ukuze zigcine ukuzinza kwe-voltage ne-frequency phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa. Lokhu kwenza amandla aphuthumayo e-hydrogen abe yinketho ekhanga kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile ezidinga ukwethembeka okuphelele kuhlangene nobuholi obubonakalayo bezemvelo.

Izindawo zasefekthri zethula ithuba elibanzi kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen ngoba izikhungo zivame ukudinga ugesi onokwethenjelwa kanye nenani elikhulu lokushisa kwenqubo. Uma isistimu yamaseli kaphethiloli imiswe ukuze ihlanganise ukukhiqiza amandla nokushisa, ingakwazi ukunikeza amandla kagesi emishinini yokukhiqiza kanye namandla okushisa okomisa, ukuqinisa, noma ukufudumeza izindawo, kukhuliswe inani elitholakala kukhilogremu ngalinye le-hydrogen elisetshenzisiwe. Leli khono lokukhiqiza okumbaxambili lithuthukisa kakhulu umnotho wephrojekthi, ngokuvamile linciphisa isikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwemali ngeminyaka eminingana uma kuqhathaniswa nezistimu zikagesi kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafekthri asevele ephethe amagesi ezimboni ngokuvamile ajwayelene nezinqubo zokuphepha ze-hydrogen futhi angakwazi ukuhlanganisa izistimu zamaseli kaphethiloli emisebenzini yawo ngokuqeqeshwa okuncane okwengeziwe noma ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda. Ezakhiweni zamahhovisi ezentengiselwano, amaseli kaphethiloli afakwe ophahleni noma ezindaweni ezingaphansi kanye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen endaweni kungaguqula isakhiwo sisuke ekubeni umsebenzisi wamandla ongenzi lutho sibe umthombo wamandla osabalalisiwe osekelayo ukuzinza kwegridi ngezikhathi zokufunwa kwamandla okuphezulu. Abathuthukisi bezakhiwo abahamba phambili sebeqala ukufaka ingqalasizinda elungele i-hydrogen emiklamweni emisha yezakhiwo, belindele ukuthi ukukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile kuzoba isici esijwayelekile sezakhiwo zentengiselwano zekhwalithi ephezulu. Njengoba imithetho yekhabhoni iyaqina futhi abaqashi befuna izakhiwo ezisimeme ngokwandayo, izistimu zamandla zamaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen ziba ngokushesha isici esichazayo sezakhiwo zentengiselwano zesimanje, ezinekhabhoni ephansi.

Ukuthutha ngemigwaqo kwezentengiselwano kungenye yezinkambu ezinzima kakhulu ukwehlisa ikhabhoni ngoba amaloli asindayo, amabhasi, nezimoto zokulethwa zidinga amabanga amade, ukuphehla uphethiloli ngokushesha, namandla aphezulu okuthwala okuyinselele ezixazululweni ezigcina amandla ngebhethri kuphela. Izinhlelo zamandla e-hydrogen fuel cell zibhekana nalezi zimfuneko ngokuqondile ngokunikeza amabanga okuhamba afana nezimoto zikadizili, izikhathi zokuphehla uphethiloli eziyimizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu kuphela, nokukhipha amandla okuqhubekayo okunganciphi njengoba isisindo semoto sishintsha. Iloli elijwayelekile elisindayo elisebenzisa i-fuel cell elihlonywe nge-stack engamakhilowathi angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili kanye ne-hydrogen engaba ngamakhilogremu angamashumi amathathu egibele ngalo lingahamba ibanga eliphakathi kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngokugcwaliswa okukodwa, kuye ngomthwalo nendawo. Lokhu kusebenza kuhle kwenza izinhlelo ze-fuel cell zifaneleke kakhulu ezinkambulweni zokusabalalisa zesifunda, ezokuthutha emachwebeni, izinkambu zamabhasi kamasipala, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezokwakha lapho izimoto zibuyela endaweni eyodwa emaphakathi lapho ingqalasizinda yokuphehla i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa kahle. I-Shanghai Mingzheng Technology ibiphambili ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zamandla ezimoto zezentengiselwano ezihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokwethembeka, ukudlidliza, nokushisa kwemisebenzi yangempela yezokuthutha. Lezi zinhlelo zakhiwe ngama-cooling loops ayisipele, ukuvikelwa okuqinile kwe-stack, nokuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile okuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene nezimo zemvelo.

Iqiniso lokuthi izimoto zezohwebo ezisebenza nge-hydrogen liya likhula unyaka nonyaka njengoba izindleko zokuphelele zobunikazi zivala igebe elikhona nezimoto zikadizili. Abaqhubi bezimoto zohwebo bazuzela izindleko eziphansi kakhulu zikaphethiloli ngekhilomitha ngalinye njengoba amanani e-green hydrogen ehla, izindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza izintuthu, kanye nokutholakala kwezikhuthazo zezimoto ezingakhiphi ukungcola okwehlisa izindleko zokuqala zokuthenga. Izinto zokushayela ezisebenzisa i-fuel cell nazo zinikeza ukonga kwamandla okungcono kunezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi emijikelezweni evamile yokushayela emadolobheni, lapho ukubhuleka okubuyisela amandla kubamba amandla obekungalahleka njengokushisa. Ezinkampanini zezokuthutha eziqhudelana emakethe ekhathalela ukusimama ngokwandayo, ikhono lokukhangisa izinsiza zokulethwa ezingakhiphi nhlobo ukungcola lidala umehluko omkhulu womkhiqizo futhi livula iminyango yezinkontileka ezidinga amaketanga okuhlinzeka angenakungcola. Omkhandlu bamadolobha kanye neziphathimandla zamachweba emhlabeni wonke basebenzisa amabhasi e-hydrogen kanye nogandaganda wasemagcekeni ukuze bahlangabezane nezinhloso zomoya ohlanzekile ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi lapho ukungcola kukadizili kunomthelela omkhulu kwezempilo. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, ingxenye yezimoto zohwebo kulindeleke ukuthi ibe umthengi omkhulu kunawo wonke kaphethiloli we-hydrogen, iqhube utshalomali lwezingqalasizinda oluzozuzisa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenzisa i-hydrogen. Ngakho-ke, labo abaqala ukusebenzisa izimoto ze-fuel cell zohwebo abathengi nje kuphela imishini yezokuthutha; batshala imali enzuzweni yokuncintisana yesikhathi eside ehambisana nenqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukungcola.

Izindleko ze-hydrogen ezilinganiselwe, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-LCOH, zimelela izindleko zempilo yonke zokukhiqiza ikhilogremu elilodwa le-hydrogen, okuhlanganisa izindleko zempahla enkulu, ukufakwa kukagesi, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokwehla kwekhwalithi yohlelo. I-LCOH yehle kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, isuka cishe kumadola ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngekhilogremu ngo-2015 iye kumadola amabili kuya kwamathathu ngekhilogremu okulindeleke ngo-2030 nge-green hydrogen ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ugesi ovuselelekayo ongabizi kakhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwehla izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo ngokwawo, njengoba amanani kagesi welanga nomoya ehle ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ezifundeni eziningi. Izindleko zempahla enkulu ye-electrolyzer nazo zehla ngokushesha njengoba ukukhiqiza kukhula, kulindeleke ukuthi kube nokwehla okwengeziwe ngamaphesenti angamashumi amane kuya kwamashumi amahlanu ekupheleni kwalesi shumi iminyaka njengoba imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo iqala ukusebenza. Lapho izindleko ze-hydrogen zehla ngaphansi kwamadola amabili ngekhilogremu, ukukhiqiza ugesi nge-fuel cell kuba nokuncintisana namandla avamile avela kugridi ezimakethe eziningi, kufinyelelwa lokho ochwepheshe bomkhakha abakubiza ngokuthi ukulingana kwegridi. Leli phuzu lokuguquka liyisikhathi esibalulekile esizovula ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwezinhlelo zamandla e-hydrogen ezinsizeni zezohwebo nezimboni emhlabeni wonke.

Ukulingana kwentengo ye-hydrogen negesi kagesi akusona isimo sekusasa elikude; sekuqala ukubonakala ezifundeni ezinothile ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo nezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo. Ezindaweni lapho izintengo zikagesi zidlula amasenti ayishumi nanhlanu nge-kilowatt-hour futhi ukuncishiswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuvamile, ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen ngezikhathi ezingezona eziphakeme kanye nokuyisebenzisela ukukhiqiza ugesi wokunciphisa ubukhulu bomthwalo sekuvele kunenzuzo yezomnotho namuhla. Izindlela zokubeka intengo yekhabhoni, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lwe-European Union Emissions Trading System kanye nezintela ezintsha zokulungisa umngcele wekhabhoni, zengeza isijeziso sezimali esengeziwe ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli wamafosili okusheshisa inzuzo yokuncintisana ye-hydrogen njengenye indlela. Uma izindleko zomphakathi zekhabhoni zifakwa ekuhlaziyweni kwezomnotho, izixazululo ze-hydrogen zivame ukudlula ama-generator ajwayelekile asetshenziswa esikhathini esiphuthumayo ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi kufinyelelwe ekulinganeni kwentengo okuqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lezinhlelo zama-fuel cell ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezisizayo zegridi, njengokulawula imvamisa kanye nokusekela amandla kagesi, lidala imithombo yemali engeziwe ethuthukisa imbuyiselo yamaphrojekthi ngokuphawulekayo. Njengoba amaketanga okuhlinzeka ama-electrolyzer nama-fuel cell eqhubeka nokuvuthwa, ubukhulu bezomnotho buzoshayela ukwehliswa kwezindleko okuqhubekayo okuqinisa umkhuba wokulingana kwentengo ye-hydrogen negesi kagesi ezindaweni eziningi ezandayo nasezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene.

Izimboni zensimbi nezikabondi ndawonye zibangela cishe amaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu omoya ongcolile we-carbon dioxide emhlabeni wonke, okwenza zibe phakathi kwezinkambu ezinzima kakhulu ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngenxa yokuthembela kwazo okuyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali okukhipha kakhulu ikhabhoni kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwezinqubo. I-hydrogen inikeza indlela eguquguqukayo kulezi zimboni ngokuthatha indawo yamalahle negesi yemvelo njengomthombo wamandla kanye nesithako samakhemikhali esinciphisa uketshezi ezinqubweni ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza. Ekwenzeni insimbi, ukuncishiswa okuqondile nge-hydrogen kuthatha indawo yenqubo yendabuko ye-blast furnace, lapho i-hydrogen isabela ne-iron ore ukukhiqiza insimbi eyinsimbi kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi esikhundleni se-carbon dioxide. Izitshalo zokuhlola ezisebenzisa ukuncishiswa okuqondile nge-hydrogen sezivele zibonise ukuthi le nqubo ingakhiqiza insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezijwayelekile. Ubukhulu besidingo se-hydrogen esivela embonini yensimbi kuphela buyamangalisa, ngoba isitshalo esisodwa sensimbi esikhiqiza isigidi samathani ngonyaka sidinga cishe amathani ayikhulu lezinkulungwane e-hydrogen eluhlaza ngonyaka, okulingana nomkhiqizo wamandla we-electrolyzer amagigawathi amaningana. Ukukhiqiza usimende, nakuba kukhawulelwe kakhulu ngamakhemikhali ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okuvela ekushisweni kwe-limestone, kusenganciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen ukubasa iziko lokushisa eliphezulu elifinyelela amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-1,400 degrees Celsius.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen yezimboni kudlulela ngalé kwensimbi nosimende kufinyelele ekukhiqizeni ingilazi, ekuncibilikisweni kwe-aluminium, ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali, nasekucubunguleni ukudla, konke lokhu okudinga ukushisa okukhulu kwenqubo okuthi ugesi kube nzima ukukuhlinzeka ngokomnotho ngezinga elikhulu. I-hydrogen inikeza inzuzo eyingqayizivele yokuletha ukushisa okuhlanzekile emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha zamadigri Celsius, ihambisana nezidingo zokushisa zezinqubo zemboni ezidinga kakhulu ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okubizayo. Izindawo zezimboni ezihlanganisa amandla e-electrolyzer, ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, kanye nabasebenzisi abaningi bokugcina zingathola ukusebenzisana okukhulu, zabelana ngengqalasizinda futhi zilungise ukuthunyelwa kwe-hydrogen phakathi kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke basekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen yezimboni ngezinhlelo zosizo, izinkontileka zekhabhoni zomehluko, kanye nokuxhaswa okuqondile kwemiklamo yokubonisa, beqaphela ukuthi ukwehliswa kwekhabhoni kwezimboni akunakufezwa ngogesi kuphela. Izinkampani eziguqula izinqubo zazo zezimboni zisebenzisa i-hydrogen kusenesikhathi zithola izinzuzo zokuqala ekuvikeleni izivumelwano zokunikezwa kwe-hydrogen, ekutholeni izimali zosizo ezilinganiselwe, nasekubekeni imikhiqizo yazo ezimakethe zokuthenga ezinekhabhoni ephansi. Ukuguqulwa kwezimboni ezinkulu nge-hydrogen kuzokwenzeka kancane kancane kodwa kungagwemeki, kuqhutshwa ukulawulwa kwekhabhoni okuqinile kanye nokwehla kwezindleko zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ehlanzekile.

Sekelwe amashumi amabili eminyaka yokugqwesa ekukhiqizeni kanye nokujula okukhethekile emishinini yamandla ahlanzekile, i-Shanghai Mingzheng Technology Co., Ltd. izinze njengozakwethu othembekile ezinhlanganweni ezifuna izixazululo ze-hydrogen ngekusasa elingena-khabhoni ephansi. Inkampani yethu iklama futhi ilethula amasistimu aphelele amandla e-hydrogen fuel cell, ama-powertrain ezimoto zezohwebo, kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza nokuhlola eyenza ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje kwe-hydrogen kube nokwenzeka. Wonke umkhiqizo esiwunikezayo uklanyelwe ukuthembeka, ukuphepha, nokusebenza kahle, ngezitifiketi zekhwalithi ezihlanganisa i-ISO 9001, i-IATF 16949, ne-ISO 14001 eziqinisekisa ukuzibophezela kwethu ekugqwesen kokukhiqiza. Uhlu lwethu oluphelele lwemikhiqizo luqala ohlangothini lokukhiqiza ngemigqa ezenzakalelayo yokuhlanganisa ama-fuel cell, amasistimu okuhlola ama-stack, namagumbi ezimo zemvelo aqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ezimweni ezishisayo nezomswakama owedlulele. Lokhu kukhiqiza kanyeIgumbi Lezemvelo izixazululo ziqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende ethu angakwazi ukukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa izingxenye ze-fuel cell ngokunemba okudingekayo ukuze kube nokwethembeka kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Noma ngabe inhlangano yakho idinga umugqa wokukhiqiza we-fuel cell ophelele noma uhlelo oluphelele lokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile, ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lisebenzisana nawe eduze ukuklama izixazululo ezihlangabezana nokucaciswa kwakho, isabelomali, nezidingo zesikhathi.

Kumakhasimende afuna izimpahla zamandla ezisetshenziswayo kunemishini yokukhiqiza, iphothifoliyo yethu ihlanganisa izinhlelo ezimile zokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile, amayunithi amandla aphuthumayo e-fuel cell, nezinhlelo zamandla ezimoto zezohwebo ezikulungele ukuhlanganiswa ngokushesha ezindaweni zokusebenza. Isixazululoamakhasi achaza uhla olugcwele lwamakamelo enkinga yesimo sezulu, imigqa yokukhiqiza amaseli kaphethiloli, izinhlelo zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo, imishini yokuhlanganisa izitaki, kanye namabhentshi okuhlola esiwakhiphayo ukuze sisekele zonke izigaba zochungechunge lwe-hydrogen. Siyaqonda ukuthi awekho amaphrojekthi amabili afanayo, ngakho izeluleki zethu zobunjiniyela zisebenza nawe ukuhlola izimo zesiza, amaphrofayili omthwalo, ukutholakala kwe-hydrogen, kanye nemingcele yezomnotho ngaphambi kokuncoma ukucushwa kwesistimu okufanele. Kusukela ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuqala kuya ekukhiqizeni, ekuhlolweni kokwamukela kwefekthri, ekufakweni, kanye nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, i-Shanghai Mingzheng Technology inikeza ukusekelwa okugcwele komjikelezo wokuphila okwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu kanye nembuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ithimba lethu elizinikele lonjiniyela bezicelo linolwazi olukhulu ekuhlanganiseni izinhlelo zamaseli kaphethiloli ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu zezohwebo, zezimboni, nezimoto, futhi baletha ulwazi olusebenzayo oluzuzisa ngqo iphrojekthi yakho. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-Mayelana Nathi indaba, hlola i-Ukuphayona i-Green Hydrogen Nokusungula Ukuhlola Kwemvelo iwebhusayithi, noma ubrowse imikhiqizo yethu evezwayo Okuthengiswa Kakhulu*** uhlu lwemikhiqizo yamandla e-fuel cell ukuze uqonde ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bethu bungasebenza kanjani ezinhlosweni zakho zokusimama.

I-hydrogen isuke isuka ekubeni umqondo othembisayo yaba yisixazululo samandla esisebenzayo kwezohwebo, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene esibuhlolile bubonisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwabo emandleni, ezokuthutha, nasezimbonini ezinkulu. Kusukela kuma-electrolyzer e-ALK ne-AEM akhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza ngezindleko ezihlehla njalo, kuya ezinhlelweni zamaseli kaphethiloli ezihlinzeka ngamandla okusekela athembekile nokuthutha okuhlanzekile kwezohwebo, i-hydrogen iyazibonakalisa njengento eguquguqukayo futhi ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla emhlabeni wonke. Umnotho we-hydrogen uthuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ukulingana kwegridi ekukhiqizeni amandla ngamaseli kaphethiloli sekuseduze emakethe eziningi, okwenza i-hydrogen ehlanzekile ibe utshalomali olukhanga kakhulu emabhizinisini abheke phambili. Izimboni ezifana nensimbi nosimende, obekucatshangwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuzikhipha ikhabhoni, manje sezinezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezithembekile ezincike ku-hydrogen njengomthombo wayo oyinhloko wamandla ahlanzekile. Izinhlangano eziqala ngokushesha ukuhlanganisa izixazululo ze-hydrogen engqalasizinda yazo yamandla zizozitholela izinzuzo zokuncintisana ngezindleko, ukuthotsela imithetho, kanye nedumela lomkhiqizo ezizozisebenzela kahle emashumini eminyaka ezayo. I-Shanghai Mingzheng Technology ihlala izibophezele ekuqhubekiseleni phambili lolu shintsho ngohlelo lwamaseli kaphethiloli olusha, izinhlelo zamandla ezimoto zezohwebo, kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza eyenza umnotho we-hydrogen ube nokwenzeka. Siyakumema ukuthi uhlole uhla lwethu olugcweleImishini ehlobene namaseli kaphethiloli futhi xhumana nethimba lethu ukuze uthole ukubonisana okuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi i-hydrogen ingakusiza kanjani ukuthi ufinyelele ikusasa elinokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuphansi ngempela.

Izixazululo ze-hydrogen ngekusasa elinciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni zibhekisela kusethi ehlanganisiwe yobuchwepheshe obukhiqiza, bugcine, futhi busebenzise i-hydrogen njengomthwali wamandla ohlanzekile ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Lezi zixazululo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ama-electrolyzer akhiqiza i-hydrogen eluhlaza kusukela kugesi oluvuselelekayo, amasistimu ama-fuel cell aguqulela i-hydrogen ibuyele emandleni, ingqalasizinda yokugcina nokusabalalisa i-hydrogen, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina okusukela kumajeneretha wamandla okusekela kuya kumishini yezimoto zezentengiselwano. Ngokufaka esikhundleni kaphethiloli ezindaweni lapho ukufakwa kukagesi oqondile kungenzeki khona, i-hydrogen inika amandla ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwezokuthutha, izinqubo zezimboni, nokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuqinile.

Ama-electrolyzer e-ALK (alkaline) asebenzisa i-potassium hydroxide electrolyte ewuketshezi futhi ayitholakala kalula, abiza kancane, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi, okwenza afanelekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ngobuningi obukhulu nangendlela ezinzile. Ama-electrolyzer e-AEM (anion exchange membrane) amasha kakhulu, asebenzisa i-solid polymer membrane, futhi anikeza ukusabela okusheshayo ngesikhathi esifushane kanye nendawo encane, okwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe noma ezixhunywe emithonjeni eguquguqukayo evuselelekayo. Ukukhetha okufanele kuncike esikalini sephrojekthi yakho, indlela yokusebenza, indawo etholakalayo, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwesidingo se-hydrogen, futhi umhlinzeki onguchwepheshe angakusiza ukuthi uhlole zombili izinketho ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile.

Yebo, amasistimu e-hydrogen fuel cell ayisikhundla esihle kakhulu kumajeneretha ka-diesel ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okusekela ngoba aqala ngamandla aphelele ngaphansi komzuzu owodwa, asebenza buthule, futhi akhipha umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela. Aphinde anikeze isikhathi sokusebenza eside kunezinhlelo eziningi zamabhethri, ngoba isikhathi sokusebenza sinqunywa umthamo wokugcina i-hydrogen, ongakhuliswa ngamamojula engeziwe okugcina. Nakuba izindleko zokuqala njengamanje ziphakeme kunemishini ka-diesel, amafuel cell aletha ukonga okukhulu empilweni yawo yonke ngezindleko eziphansi zikaphethiloli nokunakekela, ikakhulukazi lapho kusebenza intengo yekhabhoni.

Amasistimu we-hydrogen fuel cell aphephile ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi ezindaweni zohwebo uma eklanywa futhi efakwa ngokuvumelana namakhodi namazinga amisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukungena komoya okufanele, ukutholwa kokuvuza, nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen ngaphandle noma ezindaweni ezivaliwe ezinomoya okhethekile. Ama-fuel cell ngokwawo awanawo umqubulo wokushisa, ngakho ubungozi bomlilo noma ukuqhuma buphansi kakhulu kunemishini yegesi yemvelo. Abakhiqizi abanjengoShanghai Mingzheng Technology baklama amasistimu abo ngezingqimba eziningi zokuvikela, okuhlanganisa ama-valve okuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo, izinto zokukhulula umfutho, nokuqapha kwegesi okuqhubekayo okuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zezitifiketi zokuphepha zamazwe ngamazwe.

Izindleko ezilinganiselwe ze-green hydrogen ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwesifunda, njengamanje zisukela cishe kumadola amathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngekhilogremu ngayinye kuye ngezindleko zikagesi ovuselelekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-electrolyzer. Iningi labahlaziyi bezimboni libikezela ukuthi i-green hydrogen izofinyelela kumadola amabili kuya kwamathathu ngekhilogremu ngayinye ngonyaka ka-2030 njengoba izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo zehla futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolyzer kukhula. Kulelo zinga lentengo, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi nge-fuel cell kuba nokuncintisana ngezindleko nogesi wendabuko we-grid ezimakethe eziningi, kufinyelelwa kulokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukulingana kwe-grid ye-hydrogen.

Izinhlelo zanamuhla zama-fuel cell e-proton exchange membrane ziklanyelwe ukusebenza amahora angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane, okulingana cishe neminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu yokusebenza okuqhubekayo ngamandla aphelele, ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke ukushintshwa kwe-stack. Ngemikhuba efanele yokunakekela ehlanganisa ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, ukushintshwa kwezihlungi, kanye nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kokushisa namandla kagesi, izinhlelo eziningi zifinyelela amahora ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu kuya kwezingamashumi ayisithupha zokuphila okuwusizo. Izindleko zokushintsha i-stack ziyehla njengoba inani lokukhiqiza likhula, okwenza ubunikazi besikhathi eside bama-fuel cell bube nenzuzo kwezomnotho uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini ejwayelekile yamandla.

I-Hydrogen inganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu uma isetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokunciphisa okuqondile ezithatha indawo yamalahle njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa i-iron ore. Ekukhiqizweni kukasimende, i-hydrogen ingaphemba izithando zokushisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kokushisa kwenqubo, nakuba ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okungokwemvelo okuvela ekushisweni kwe-limestone kusavinjelwa ukunciphisa okuphelele kokukhishwa kufinyelele kuphela emaphesentini angamashumi amane kuya kwamashumi ayisithupha. Yomibili lezi zimboni zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-hydrogen ngezinga lokuhweba, futhi izinhlelo zomkhakha zibikezela ukuthi i-hydrogen izamukelwa kakhulu ngo-2035 njengoba izindleko ze-hydrogen ehlanzekile zehla futhi imithetho yekhabhoni iqina.

Izimoto zezimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli (fuel cell) njengamanje zinentengo yokuthenga ephezulu kunezimoto zedizili ezifanayo, kodwa izindleko zazo zokunikela ngokuphelele ziyasondela ekulinganeni uma kufakwa izindleko zikaphethiloli, ukunakekelwa, kanye nezikhuthazo zikahulumeni. Uphethiloli we-hydrogen wonga kakhulu ezindlekweni zamandla ngekhilomitha ngalinye, izimoto zamaseli kaphethiloli zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane ngenxa yezingxenye ezimbalwa ezinyakazayo, futhi izindawo eziningi zinikeza izibonelelo zokuthenga ezinciphisa inani lokuthenga elingeziwe. Njengoba intengo ye-green hydrogen yehla ifinyelela kumadola amabili ngekhilogremu, amaloli amaseli kaphethiloli kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ekulinganeni okuphelele kwezindleko zokunikela ngokuphelele nedizili eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ezayo emazingeni amaningi okusebenza.

I-Mingzheng Technology yase-Shanghai ihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuphelele okuqala ngokubonisana ngobunjiniyela ukuze kuhlolwe izimo zendawo yakho, izidingo zamandla, ukutholakala kwe-hydrogen, nokutholakala kwezomnotho, kulandele ukwakheka kwesistimu, ukukhiqiza, nokuhlolwa kokwamukela kwefekthri. Siletha izistimu eziphelele zamandla e-fuel cell, ama-powertrain ezimoto zezentengiselwano, kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo yokukhiqiza ama-fuel cell nokuhlola imvelo, ngokusekelwa kokufakwa nokuqaliswa kokusebenza uma kuceliwe. Ithimba lethu langemva kokuthengisa lihlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukuguga, ukunikezwa kwezingxenye, nokuqapha okukude ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izistimu zakho ze-hydrogen ziletha ukusebenza okuphezulu nokutholakala ngesikhathi kuyo yonke impilo yazo yokusebenza.